In Norgaard v. United States, No. 16-12107-FDS (D. Mass. 2018), the court addressed whether a personal loan made to a closely held corporation can be deducted as a bad debt when the business goes out of business. The case highlights why it is important to document loans made to corporations. Contents1 The Facts & Procedural…
Tax Articles
Freedom of Information Act Reaches Whistleblower Documents
Since its inception, the IRS’s process for paying whistleblower claimants has been widely criticized. Setting aside these criticisms, there have been a number of developments that would-be informants have to consider before submitting IRS Whistleblower claim. The recent Montgomery v. Internal Revenue Service, No. 17-918 (JEB) (Dist. D.C. 2018) adds another factor to consider. It…
Limited Window of Time to Structure Divorce Settlements
The tax deduction and income provisions for alimony have been repealed for divorce decrees entered into after December 31, 2018 or for earlier divorces where the agreements are modified after that date. This gives married couples and formerly married couples a window of time to structure or restructure their agreements to reduce their overall taxes.…
Improbable Position by IRS Sufficient to Impose Tax
The Transupport, Inc. v. Commissioner, No. 17-1265 (1st Cir. 2018) case involved evidence that was not sufficient to support imposing a penalty, but the same evidence was sufficient to hold the taxpayer liable for the tax. The case provides an opportunity to consider how courts evaluate evidence in tax cases. The Facts & Procedural History…
IRS Summons Reaches Attorney’s Client Names
Communications with an attorney are generally protected from disclosure. But what about client names? And what power does the IRS have the power to force an attorney to disclose the names of his clients? Can the IRS issue an IRS summons to get this information? The court addressed this in U.S. v. Servin, No. 17-1371 (3d…
Court Rejects the ‘Taking All Necessary Steps’ Defense to Penalties
If you take all of the steps to prepare and remit a tax return to the IRS except for placing it in the mail, is this sufficient to avoid a failure to timely file penalty? There is case law suggesting that it may be in some circumstances. The U.S. Tax Court recently addressed this in…
Misappropriated Money Subject to Tax, Even if No Criminal Violation
The proceeds of criminal activities are taxable income. Money that is embezzled from an employer is taxable to the embezzling employee. But what about money transferred between friends with the agreement that one of them will invest the funds, but he instead uses the funds personally and in doing so did not violate a criminal…
Some Filing Deadlines are Strict, Others are Not
When it comes to fixing tax problems, procedural footfaults can make solving the problem even more difficult. Filing deadlines are an example. The Duggan v. Commissioner, No. 15-73819 (9th Cir. 2018), case provides an example. Contents1 Facts & Procedural History2 Not the Typical Timely Filing Case3 Not a Case Involving an Exception to Timely Filing4…
Court: IRS Cannot Apply New Law Based on Conduct Predating the Law
In Rafizadeah v. Commissioner, 150 T.C. No. 1 (2018), the court concluded that the IRS made a late assessment of tax and penalties. The case turns on whether the IRS can benefit from the longer six-year assessment period based on an information return filing that the law did not obligate the taxpayer to make at…
Family Cattle Operation Denied Tax Deductions
In Barnhart Ranch Co. v. Commissioner, No. 16-60834 (5th Cir. 2017), the court considered who was entitled to deduct expenses for cattle that were descended from cattle the taxpayers inherited and other cattle that were subsequently purchased. The case shows how important it is to implement an accounting system to capture income and expenses in…